Jewish rationalist philosophy, medieval theology
Maimonides' philosophical masterpiece (c. 1190), written in Judeo-Arabic for readers educated in both Jewish scripture and Aristotelian philosophy. The work addresses the apparent contradictions between the Hebrew Bible and rational philosophy by reinterpreting biblical language as allegory. Its three parts treat: the interpretation of biblical terms applied to God; the proof of God's existence and the nature of divine attributes through negative theology; and metaphysics, cosmology, prophecy, and the reasons for the commandments. Deeply influential on Jewish, Christian, and Islamic thought, it shaped Aquinas, Spinoza, and the development of the Kabbalah, and remains a cornerstone of medieval philosophical theology.
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